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Barrett, Terence W., "Topological Approaches to Electromagnetism," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Sachs, Mendel, "Symmetry in Electrodynamics: From Special to General Relativity, Macro to Quantum Domains," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Crowell, Lawrence W., "Non-Abelian Electrodynamics: Progress and Problems," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Lehnert, B., "Optical Effects of an Extended Electromagnetic Theory," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Jeffers, S., J.-P. Vigier, and M.W. Evans, "Current Status of the Quantum Theory of Light," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Andrews, David L. and Phillip Allcock, "A Quantum Electrodynamical Foundation for Molecular Photonics," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Anastasovski, Petar K. and David B. Hamilton, "The Superluminal Theory and Effects," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Roy, Sisir, "Constancy of Velocity of Light and Stochastic Background," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Fox, Hal, "Energy for the Future: High Density Charge Clusters," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Perina et al., "Nonlinear Phenomena in Quantum Optics," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Roscoe, D.F., "Astrophysics in the Dark: Mach's Principle Lights the Way," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Evans, M.W., "The Link Between the Topological Theory of Ranada and Trueba, the Sachs Theory, and O(3) Electrodynamics," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Reed, Donald, "Beltrami Vector Fields in Electrodynamics—A Reason for Re-examining the Structural Foundations of Classical Field Physics," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Shumovsky, Alexander S., "The Quantum Multipole Radiation," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Cornille, Patrick, "Electrodynamics and Topology," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Croca, J.R., "Beyone Non-Causal Quantum Mechanics," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Ranada, Antonio F. and Jose L. Trueba, "Topological Electromagnetism with Hidden Nonlinearity," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Baum, Carl E., "Quantum Electrodynamics: Potentials, Gauge Invariance, and Analogy to Classical Electrodynamics," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Abramson, Nils, "Ellipsoids in Holography and Relativity," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Bearden, T. E., "Extracting and Using Electromagnetic Energy from the Active Vacuum," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Evans, M.W., "The Link Between the Sachs and O(3) Theories of Electrodynamics," in Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Ed. M.W. Evans, Wiley, 2001 (in press), Vol. 119 of I. Prigogine and Stuart A. Rice, Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Bearden, T. E., "Energy from the Active Vacuum: The Motionless Electromagnetic Generator," in M. W. Evans (Ed.), Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Wiley, 2002, 3 vols. (in press), comprising a Special Topic issue as Vol. 119, I. Prigogine and S. A. Rice (series eds.), Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Bearden, Thomas E. et al., "The Motionless Electromagnetic Generator: Extracting Energy from a Permanent Magnet with Energy-Replenishing from the Active Vacuum," Sept. 2000, DoE website http://www.ott.doe.gov/electromagnetic/ .

Bearden, T. E., "EM Energy From The Vacuum: Ten Questions With Extended Answers," On website http://www.cheniere.org.

Bearden, T. E., Energy from the Vacuum: Concepts and Principles, World Scientific, Singapore, 2002, in process.

Bearden, T. E. "Extracting and Using Electromagnetic Energy from the Active Vacuum," in M. W. Evans (ed.), Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Wiley, 2002, 3 vols. (in press), comprising a Special Topic issue as vol. 119, I. Prigogine and S. A. Rice (series eds.), Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Bearden, T. E., "The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve It Quickly," ADAS Position Paper, June 2000. Also on http://www.cheniere.org .

Bearden, T. E. "Giant Negentropy from the Common Dipole," Proceedings of Congress 2000, St. Petersburg, Russia, Vol. 1, July 2000 , p. 86-98. Also on www.cheniere.org.

Bearden, T. E. "Bedini's Method For Forming Negative Resistors In Batteries," Proceedings of Congress 2000, St. Petersburg, Russia, Vol. 1, July 2000, p. 24-38. Also published in Journal of New Energy, 5(1), Summer 2000, p. 24-38. On http://www.cheniere.org .

Bearden, T. E. "On Extracting Electromagnetic Energy from the Vacuum, " Proceedings of the IC-2000, St. Petersburg, Russia, July 2000.

Bearden, T. E. "Dark Matter or Dark Energy?", Journal of New Energy, 4(4), Spring 2000, p. 4-11. The prevailing theories of universe creation indicate a given amount of matter created, and still present in the universe. For some time, half of the required matter has been unobserved by astronomers and astrophysicists. Recently the missing half of the predicted baryonic matter was observed by the Hubble Space Telescope and announced by NASA. However, there is insufficient mass to account for the gravity that is observed to be holding the distant galaxies together, as shown by observed star movements in them. Some nine-tenths of the gravity is still unexplained by the predicted matter (now fully observed and accounted). This is called the "dark matter" problem, where some form of matter previously unknown must be present and involved.
In the present paper, the author points out the long-neglected nondiverged Heaviside component of the EM energy flow vector, far greater in magnitude than the accounted small Poynting component diverged around an interacting charge. Heaviside discovered this enormous energy flow surrounding every circuit, but could not account for its source, since it was enormously greater than the small Poynting component diverged into the circuit to power it. Lorentz arbitrarily discarded the bothersome vast energy flow, reasoning that it was "physically insignificant". Since then, for a century electrodynamicists have disregarded it entirely. This energy is in fact present in the neighborhood of every EM field interaction, and therefore is present at all interactions in the astronomical entities involved in those distant galaxies. Since the Heaviside dark energy is a normal EM energy flow, it also must produce gravitational field. Hence it must be at least a factor in producing, and may produce all of, the missing gravity.

Bearden, T. E., "On the Principles of Permissible Over Unity EM Power Systems," Journal of New Energy, 4(2), Fall 1999, p. 16-39. A summary of the theory of overunity Maxwellian power systems, where the system is an open system far from thermodynamic equilibrium with its active vacuum environment.

Bearden, T. E., "EM Corrections Enabling a Practical Unified Field Theory with Emphasis on Time-Charging Interactions of Longitudinal EM Waves," Explore, 8(6), 1998, p. 7-16.

Bearden, T. E., "EM Corrections Enabling a Practical Unified Field Theory with Emphasis on Time-Charging Interactions of Longitudinal EM Waves," Journal of New Energy, 3(2/3), 1998, p. 12-28.

Bearden, T. E., "EM Corrections Enabling a Practical Unified Field Theory with Emphasis on Time-Charging Interactions of Longitudinal EM Waves," Part II, Explore, 8(6), 1998, p. 65-74.

Bearden, T. E., "Use of Asymmetrical Regauging and Multivalued Potentials to Achieve Overunity Electromagnetic Engines," Journal of New Energy, 1(2), Summer 1996, p. 60-78.

Bearden, T. E., "The Master Principle of EM Overunity and the Japanese Overunity Engines." Infinite Energy, 1(5&6), Nov. 1995-Feb. 1996, p. 38-55.

Bearden, T. E., "Regauging and Multivalued Magnetic Scalar Potential: Master Overunity Mechanisms," Explore, 7(1), 1996, p. 51-58.

Bearden, T. E., "Maxwell’s equations, regauging, and overunity systems," Explore More!, No. 17, Jul.-Aug. 1996, p. 13-21.

Bearden, T. E., "Energy Flow, Collection, and Dissipation in Overunity EM Devices," Proceedings of the 4th International Energy Conference, Academy for New Energy, Denver, CO, May 23-27, 1997, p. 5-51. In Figure 5, p. 16 the fraction of the energy flow that is intercepted and collected by the circuit—i.e., the Poynting component—is roughly shown to be on the order of 10- ¹³ of the entire energy flow available. Thus the Heaviside component that misses the circuit and is nondiverged and wasted, is about 10¹³ times as great in magnitude as is the Poynting component that is intercepted and diverged into the circuit to power it. Comment: A more rigorous theoretical look at this area is required.

Bearden, T. E., "Use of Regauging and multivalued Potentials to Achieve Overunity EM Engines: Concepts and Specific Engine Examples," Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "New Ideas in Natural Sciences," St. Petersburg, Russia, June 17-22, 1996, Part I: Problems of Modern Physics, 1996, p. 277-297.

Bearden, T. E., "A Redefinition of the Energy Ansatz, Leading to a Fundamentally New Class of Nuclear Interactions," Proc. 27th Intersociety. Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC ’92), San Diego, CA 1992, p. 4.303-4.310.

[Bearden, T. E.] Floyd Sweet and T. E. Bearden, "Utilizing Scalar Electromagnetics to Tap Vacuum Energy," Proceedings of the 26th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC '91), Boston, Massachusetts, 1991, p. 370-375. Sweet's device produced 500 watts for a 33 microwatt input. A highly successful anti-gravity experiment was also performed, and is reported in the paper where the test object's weight was reduced by 90%. Unfortunately Sweet later died and never fully revealed the activation secret by which barium ferrite magnetic materials could be in self-oscillation at 60 Hertz. Weak self-oscillation of such permanent magnetic materials at higher frequency is known, of course; e.g., see references by L'vov.

Evans, M. W. "The Link Between the Sachs and O(3) Theories of Electrodynamics," in M. W. Evans (Ed.), Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Wiley, 2001, 3 vols. (in press), comprising a Special Topic issue as Vol. 119, I. Prigogine and S. A. Rice (series eds.), Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Evans, M. W., "O(3) Electrodynamics," a review of some 250 pages in M.W. Evans (ed.), Modern Nonlinear Optics, Second Edition, Wiley, 2001, 3 vols. (in press), comprising a Special Topic issue as vol. 119, Prigogine and S. A. Rice (series eds.), Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, ongoing.

Evans, M. W., O(3) Electrodynamics, Vol. V of The Enigmatic Photon, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1999.

Evans, M. W. and L. B. Crowell, Classical and Quantum Electrodynamics and the B(3) Field, World Scientific, Singapore, 2001. The B(3) field is the link between electrodynamics and non-Abelian gauge field theory in special relativity. It may also have some links to action at a distance and photon mass. It is an empirical observable and signals the fact that an O(3) sector symmetry for electrodynamics is preferable to a U(1) sector, which is self inconsistent.

Evans, M. W. and L. B. Crowell, "Electron and Proton Spin Resonance Induced by Circularly Polarized Radiation," Apeiron, Spring 2000, p. TBD.

Evans, M. W. and S. Kielich., (Eds.), Modern Nonlinear Optics, Vol. 85 of I. Prigogine and S.A. Rice (series eds.), Advances in Chemical Physics, Wiley, New York, 1992, 1993, and 1997.

Evans, M. W., "The photomagneton B⁽³⁾ and electrodynamic conservation laws," Foundations of Physics Letters, 7(2), 1994, p. 209-217. In conventional theory, the photon has only two degrees of freedom. Evans models it in three degrees of freedom, so that the longitudinal one is accompanied by a ghost field which has no energy or linear momentum, but is generated from the angular momentum of the photon. Experimental evidence for the existence of the photomagneton are discussed.

Evans, M. W., "The photomagneton B⁽³⁾ and longitudinal ghost field B⁽³⁾ of electromagnetism." Foundations of Physics Letters, 7(1), 1994, p. 67-74. Deals with assigning the photon a 3rd degree of freedom, so that it possesses a longitudinal ghost field.

Evans, M. W., "Electrodynamics as a Non-Abelian Gauge Field Theory," Frontier Perspectives, 7(2), Fall 1998, p. 7-12. The classical theory of electrodynamics is developed as a non-Abelian gauge field theory, offering a route to field unification through the emergence of the fundamental magnetizing field, B(3) observable in magneto-optics. The new theory argues that the potentials are physical constructs and not a mathematical convenience as proposed by Heaviside. The structure of the theory represents a return to the original concepts of Faraday and Maxwell, while retaining the Heaviside equations in their original form.

Evans, M.W. and L. B. Crowell and 17 other co-authors, "Interferometry in Higher Symmetry Forms of Electrodynamics and Non-Linear Optics," Physica Scripta (in publication). Among other things, for the very first time, this latter paper provides an adequate theory of interferometry, and predicts all the correct results.CHECK

Evans, M. W.; J. P. Vigier et al., The Enigmatic Photon, Vol. 1-5, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1994 to present.

Evans, M. W. and A. A. Hasanein, The Photomagneton in Quantum field Theory, World Scientific, Singapore, 1994.

Lehnert, B. and S. Roy, Extended Electromagnetic Theory: Space-Charge in Vacuo and the Rest Mass of the Photon, World Scientific, New Jersey, 1999. Extended forms of Maxwell's equations as well as EM fields, based on a nonzero divergence of the electric field and a nonzero electric conductivity in vacuo. Predicts the existence of both longitudinal and transverse solutions, space charge in vacuo, steady EM equilibria, a photon rest mass and a photon axial magnetic field.

Prigogine, Ilya (with T. Petrosky), "Laws of Nature, Probability and Time Symmetry Breaking," Physica A, Vol. 263, 1999, p. 528-539.

Prigogine, Ilya with D. Kondepudi, Modern Thermodynamics: From Heat Engines to Dissipative Structures, Wiley, Chichester, 1998.

Prigogine, Ilya, "Nonlinear Science and the Laws of Nature," International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, Vol. 7, 1997, p. 1917-1926.

Prigogine, Ilya, with D. Kondepudi, "Thermodynamics, Nonequilibrium," Encyclopedia of Applied Physics, Vol. 21, 1997, p. 311-337.

Prigogine, Ilya, The End of Certainty: Time, Chaos, and the New Laws of Nature, Free Press, New York, 1996, 1997.

Prigogine, Ilya, with T. Petrosky, "Quantum Chaos, Complex Spectral Representation and Time-Symmetry Breaking," Chaos, Solitons, and Fractals, Vol. 4, 1994, p. 311-359.

Prigogine, Ilya, From Being to Becoming: Time and Complexity in the Physical Sciences, W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 1980. In 1977, Russian-born Belgian chemist Ilya Prigogine received the Nobel Prize for chemistry for contributions to nonequilibrium thermodynamics, especially the theory of dissipative structures.

Prigogine, Ilya (with G. Nicolis), Self-Organization in Non-Equilibrium Systems: From Dissipative Structures to Order through Fluctuations, Wiley, New York, 1977.

Prigogine, Ilya, Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1962.

Cole, Daniel C. and Harold E. Puthoff, "Extracting Energy and Heat from the Vacuum," Physical Review E, 48(2), Aug. 1993, p. 1562-1565.

Puthoff, H. E., "Communication Method and Apparatus with Signals Comprising Scalar and Vector Potentials Without Electromagnetic Fields," US Patent #5,845,220, dated Dec. 1, 1998.

Puthoff, H. E., "Source of Vacuum Electromagnetic Zero-Point Energy," Physical Review A, 40(9), Nov. 1, 1989, p. 4857-4862. Among other things, includes Puthoff’s self-regenerative cosmological feedback cycle.

Puthoff, H. E., "Gravity as a Zero-Point-Fluctuation Force", Physical Review A, Vol. 39, 1989, p. 2333-2342.

Puthoff, H. E., "The Energetic Vacuum: Implications for Energy Research," Speculations in Science and Technology, 13(4), 1990, p. 247-257.

Ryder, Lewis H., Quantum Field Theory, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 147+. Covers the four polarizations of the photon.

[Sachs, Mendel] Fragments of Science: Festschrift for Mendel Sachs, Michael Ram (Ed.), World Scientific, Singapore, 1999). ISBN 981-02-3884-3 . With respect to O(3): In 1992 it was shown (Physica B, 192, 227, 237 (1992)) that there exists a longitudinal component of free space electromagnetism, a component which is phaseless and propagates with the transverse components. Later this was developed into a Yang-Mills theory of electromagnetism with O(3) Lagrangian symmetry. This theory is homomorphic with Barrett’s SU(2) electrodynamics and has far reaching implications in field theory in general. Recently it has been recognized to be a sub theory of the Sachs theory of electromagnetism, based on the irreducible representations of the Einstein group of general relativity. The Sachs theory produces a non-Abelian structure for the electromagnetic field tensor. The O(3) electromagnetism also has implications for the potential ability of extracting energy from the vacuum, and its topological implications are currently being investigated by Ranada. The O(3) electromagnetism has been tested extensively against empirical data, and succeeds in describing interferometric effects and physical optical effects where the conventional Maxwell Heaviside theory fails. Implicit in both the O(3) and Sachs theories of electromagnetism is the ability to extract electromagnetic energy from curved space-time. Working devices based on this ability would help solve the current energy crisis.

Sachs, Mendel, "Symmetry in Electrodynamics: from Special to General Relativity; Macro to Quantum Domains" in Modern Nonlinear Physics, Second Edition, M. W. Evans (ed.), Wiley, 2002 (in press).

Sachs, Mendel. Title TBD, Annals of Physics, Vol. 6, 1959, p. 244-TBD. Addressed the question of whether there was any empirical evidence for the violation of parity in the electromagnetic interaction.

Sachs, Mendel and S. L. Schwebel, Title TBD, Annals of Physics, Vol. 8, 1959, p. 475.

Sachs, Mendel, General Relativity and Matter: A Spinor Field Theory from Fermis to Light-Years (Fundamental Theories of Physics), Reidel (now Kluwer), 1982. Provides a great generalization of general relativity and electrodynamics reaching from the quarks and gluons to the entire universe.

Sachs, Mendel, Quantum Mechanics from General Relativity: An Approximation for a Theory of Inertia, Reidel (now Kluwer), 1986. A generalization of quantum mechanics is demonstrated in the context of general relativity, following from a generally covariant field theory of inertia. Nonrelativistically, the formalism corresponds with linear quantum mechanics. In the limit of special relativity, nonlinearity remains and several new features are derived: (i) Particle-antiparticle pairs do not annihilate; an exact bound state solution is derived corresponding with all experimental facts about annihilation/creation—which, in approximation, gives the blackbody radiation spectrum for a sea of such pairs. (ii) a result is proven, without approximation, that is physically equivalent to the Pauli exclusion principle—which in linear approximation gives the totally antisymmetrised main-body wave function and Fermi-Dirac statistics. (iii) The hydrogen spectrum is derived, including the Lamb shifts, in agreement with experiment; new results are found for high-energy electron-proton scattering. (iv) Finally, several applications to the elementary particle domain are demonstrated, in agreement with results from experimental high-energy physics.

Sachs, Mendel, Relativity in Our Time: From Physics to Human Relations, Taylor & Francis, 1993. The central contention of Relativity in Our Time is that Einstein's theory is simple from the conceptual standpoints and should therefore be comprehensible to a very broad range of readers. Outstandingly clear and eloquent text explains the beautiful theory and then extends it from problems in case physics to other domains of human understanding, including issues of societal relationships. The conceptual framework of the theory overrides its mathematical structure and Professor Sachs is able to address and vividly describe the subject to the extent that this book will grasp the imagination of anyone with an interest in the fundamental working of the universe, at any scale. The book is as appropriate for the humanities student as for the professional physicist. Einstein's relativity theory is central to both dynamical and energetic properties in the universe; Relativity in Our Time sets the theory in context and clarity. The overwhelming assertion of the book is that the principle of relativity leads to a theoretical structure with tremendous predictive capacity, from the microscopic range of particle physics to the domain of the universe at large-cosmic scales. Sachs' arguments cascade outwards in logical and expressive discussions to encompass the new view of space, time, spacetime, the curvature of spacetime and gravitation, as well as the unified field concept, and an approach to cosmology. Perhaps most fascinating of all is the relevance of the theory to human relations in the social sciences. The economy and breadth of this book make it a convincing and worthwhile source of fundamental understanding of the scientific interpretation of our time.

Sachs, Mendel, Einstein Versus Bohr: The Continuing Controversies in Physics, Open Court Publishing Company, 1988. Presents the history of science in terms of problems, contradictions, and arguments. Begins with classical and nineteenth century physics, describes the early discoveries in particle theory, and introduces the "old" quantum theory, which evolved into the quantum mechanics of the Copenhagen School. Such important ideas as the Einstein Photon Box experiment and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox, and Schrodinger's Cat paradox are clearly expounded, followed by a completely fresh explanation of relativity in conceptual terms, showing how apparent paradoxes can be removed by Einstein's own interpretation, especially that of his later years. Gives a detailed comparison of the fundamentals of the quantum and relativity theories, suggesting how the contradictions might be resolved. In an epilogue, he makes suggestions with reference to religious notions, Taoism, and Buber's theory of I-Thou, for generalizing Einstein's approach beyond physics.

Sachs, Mendel, The Field Concept in Contemporary Science, Charles C. Thomas Publishers, 1973. A lucid, non-mathematical account of the role of the continuous field concept in three major areas of twentieth century science: the theory of electromagnetism, the theory of relativity, and the contemporary theory that underlies phenomena in the microscopic domain of atoms, molecules, and elementary particles -- the quantum theory. Electromagnetic theory has been interpreted in terms of a continuous field of potential force that electrically charged matter could exert on other charged matter, should the test matter be placed at any of a continuum of spatial points. The formal expression of the theory of relativity has been interpreted in terms of a continuous field geometry—the continuous set of relations between the points of spacetime, as determined by the matter distribution of a physically closed system. The variables of the quantum theory have been interpreted in terms of a field of probability—the continuous distribution of a sequence of chances that a macroscopic apparatus will determine that the microscopic object will have one set of physical properties or another. Each of these field theories is analyzed from the point of view of its philosophical content, and the contrasting views in terms of the atomistic theories are presented. Discussion is given to the logically dichotomous and compatible aspects of these theories as well as indications of possible paths toward their unification into a general field theory of matter. Biographical backgrounds are given of the chief scientists whose works are discussed.

Sachs, Mendel, Ideas of Matter: From Ancient Times to Bohr and Einstein, University Press of America, 1981. Discusses the main philosophical ideas and debates of the two major developments of twentieth century physics—the quantum theory of measurement and the theory of relativity—as underlying theories of matter.

Sachs, Mendel, Ideas of the Theory of Relativity; General Implications from Physics to Problems of Society, Israel University Press, 1974. Shows how a single assertion—the principle of relativity—leads to a theoretical structure that has tremendous predictive capacity. The theory covers the entire range of the physical universe from the microscopic range of elementary particle physics to the domain of cosmology. Presented in non-mathematical fashion, and include spacetime, the curvature of spacetime and gravitation, and unified field concepts and cosmology. Throughout the text, extensions into the area of human relations are discussed from the point of view of the physical scientist.

Sachs, Mendel, The Search for a Theory of Matter, McGraw-Hill, 1971. Explores how first one theory, then another, was proposed, how some have reappeared after being discarded, and how attempts have been made to fuse apparently contradictory theories into a unified and cogent explanation. It is a discussion of the important concepts and conflicts of ideas that have appeared throughout the history of physics, highlighting the developments in the twentieth century.

Sachs, Mendel, Solid State Theory, McGraw-Hill, 1974. Emphasis on the role played by the symmetry of crystal lattices in the determination of many of the physical properties of solids. Group theory is introduced and the representatives of finite groups are utilized to analyze atomic energy levels in crystal lattices as well as selection rules for transitions between these levels. This aspect enables one to determine many of the qualitative features of solid state properties before numerical calculations begin.

Sachs, Mendel. "Relativistic Implications in Electromagnetic Field Theory," in T. W. Barrett and D. M. Grimes, eds., Advanced Electromagnetism, World Scientific, 1995, p. 541-559. The most general expression for the field theory is in terms of spinor and quaternion variables, rather than the vector and tensor variables of the conventional expression of Maxwell's theory. This generalized expression leads to extra conservation laws and invariants, thus increasing the predictive capacity of the theory.

Sachs, Mendel, "On Unification of Gravity and Electromagnetism and the Absence of Magnetic Monopoles," Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 114B, 1999, p. TBD.

Sachs, Mendel, "On the source of Anisotropy in Cosmic Radiation from General Relativity," Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 110A, 1997, p. 611-TBD.

Sachs, Mendel, "Changes in Concepts of Time from Aristotle to Einstein," Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 244, 1996, p. 269.

Sachs, Mendel, "An Interpretation of the Top Quark Mass in Terms of a Proton Mass Doublet in General Relativity," Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 108A, 1995, p. 1445-TBD.

Sachs, Mendel, "On the Rotation of Galaxies in General Relativity," Physics Essays, Vol. 7, 1994, pl 490-TBD.

Sachs, Mendel, "On the Problem of Cosmology," Physics Essays, Vol. 6 1993, p. 32-TBD.

Sachs, Mendel, "On the Possible Origin of CP Violation in Neutral Kaon Decay," Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 72A, 1982, p. 361-TBD.

Sachs, Mendel, "A Pulsar Model from an Oscillating Black Hole," Foundations of Physics, vol. 12, 1982, p. 689-TBD.

Sachs, Mendel, "On Stellar Collapse and the Black Hole Limit from a Dynamical View," Anales Institut Henri Poincare, Vol. 28, 1978, p. 399-TBD.

Sachs, Mendel, "The Electron-Muon Mass Doublet from General Relativity," Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 7B, 1972, p. 247-TBD.

Shoulders, Kenneth R., "Energy Conversion Using High Charge Density," U.S. Patent # 5,018,180, May 21, 1991. An Electrum Validum (EV) is a micron-sized negatively charged plasmoid which yields excess energy whenever it strikes the anode or travels down the axis of a hollow coil. This was the first charge-cluster (EV) patent to issue. It states: "An EV passing along a traveling wave device, for example, may be both absorbing and emitting electrons. In this way, the EV may be considered as being continually formed as it propagates. In any event, energy is provided to the traveling wave output conductor, and the ultimate source of this energy appears to be the zero-point radiation of the vacuum continuum."

Shoulders, Kenneth R., "Energy Conversion using High Charge Density," U.S. Patent No. 5,123,039, 1992.

Shoulders, Kenneth R., U.S. Patent 5,054, 046, 1991.

Shoulders, Kenneth R., U.S. Patent 5,054,047, 1991.

Shoulders, Kenneth R., "Circuits Responsive To and Controlling Charged Particles," U.S. Patent 5,148,461 (1992).

Shoulders, Ken and Steve Shoulders, "Observations on the Role of Charge Clusters in Nuclear Cluster Reactions," Journal of New Energy, 1(3), Fall 1996, p. 111-121.

Whittaker, E. T., "On the Partial Differential Equations of Mathematical Physics," Mathematische Annalen, Vol. 57, 1903, p. 333-355.

Whittaker, E. T., "On an Expression of the Electromagnetic Field Due to Electrons by Means of Two Scalar Potential Functions," Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., Series 2, Vol. 1, 1904, p. 367-372. The paper was published in 1904 and orally delivered in 1903.

Wu, C. S., E. Ambler, R. W. Hayward, D. D. Hoppes and R. P. Hudson, Experimental Test of Parity Conservation in Beta Decay," Physical Review, Vol. 105, 1957, p. 1413. Reports the experimental proof that the weak interaction violates parity (spatial reflection).

Ziolkowski, Richard W., "Exact Solutions of the Wave Equation with Complex Source Locations," Journal of Mathematical Physics, 26(4), April 1985, p. 861-863. Shows the sum set of bidirectional EM waves comprising the scalar potential. In the 1980s, Donnelly and Ziolkowski added the product set as well.

[Ziolkowski] I. M. Besieris, A. M. Shaarawi, and R. W. Ziolkowski, "A bidirectional travelling plane wave representation of exact solutions of the scalar wave equation," Journal of Mathematical Physics, 30(6), 1989, p. 1254-1269.

[Ziolkowski] Rod Donnelly and Richard Ziolkowski, "A Method for constructing solutions of homogeneous partial differential equation: localized waves," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A, Vol. 437, 1992, p. 673-692.